Flashcards · 7405 · AS Topic 19

Introduction to organic chemistry (AS Level) flashcards

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Homologous series: four features: Same general formula; successive members differ by CH₂; same functional group, so similar chemical properties; a gradual trend in physical properties.
Functional group: An atom or group of atoms responsible for the typical reactions of a compound.
Name CH₃COCH₂CH₂CH₃ and CH₂=CHCH(OH)CH₃: Pentan-2-one. But-3-en-2-ol (–OH takes the suffix and the lower number).
Structural isomers vs stereoisomers: Structural isomers: same molecular formula, different structural formula. Stereoisomers: same structural formula, different arrangement of atoms in space.
The three types of structural isomer, with examples: Chain: butane / methylpropane. Position: 1-chloropropane / 2-chloropropane. Functional group: hex-1-ene / cyclohexane.
Why do E–Z isomers exist, and when are they possible?: Restricted rotation about the planar C=C bond. Each carbon of the C=C must carry two different groups.
How do you assign E or Z?: Rank the two groups on each C=C carbon by atomic number (CIP rules). Higher-priority groups on the same side: Z. On opposite sides: E.
Curly arrow: Shows the movement of an electron pair. It starts at a lone pair or a covalent bond and ends where the new bond forms or at the atom that keeps the pair.
E/Z vs cis/trans: The specification uses E and Z with CIP priorities. Z is not always the "both H on one side" form — apply the rules each time.