Flashcards · 9618 · A Level Topic 18

Artificial Intelligence (AI) (A Level) flashcards

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What is the difference between Dijkstra’s algorithm and A*?: Both find the shortest path in a weighted graph. Dijkstra’s explores by distance from the start only. A* adds a heuristic estimate of the distance to the goal, so it usually explores fewer nodes.
What is machine learning?: A system improves its performance on a task by learning from data, rather than by being explicitly programmed with rules.
What is the difference between supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning?: Supervised: learns from labelled data. Unsupervised: finds patterns in unlabelled data. Reinforcement: learns by trial and error, guided by rewards and penalties.
What is an artificial neural network?: Layers of connected nodes (input, hidden and output layers). Each connection has a weight, adjusted during training so the network’s outputs improve.
What is deep learning?: Machine learning using artificial neural networks with many hidden layers, used for tasks such as image and speech recognition.
What is back propagation?: A training method: the error at the output is passed backwards through the network and the weights are adjusted to reduce it, repeated over many examples.