Flashcards · 0457 · Topic 7

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A rate rises from 60% to 75%. What are the percentage-point and percentage changes?: A rise of 15 percentage points, but a 25% relative increase (15 ÷ 60). Sources sometimes use the one that sounds larger.
Does more children enrolled in school prove better education?: No. Access is not quality: being enrolled is not the same as learning.
What is the difference between enrolment, attendance and completion?: Enrolled means registered; attending means present; completing means finishing a stage. A rise in one does not prove a rise in the others.
Does a new law or goal show that a problem is being solved?: No. A law or goal shows intent (a promise). Outcomes need data.
Which signal words separate a prediction from a generalisation?: A prediction is about the future ("will"); a generalisation stretches a few cases to all ("all", "every", "always").
What should you ask about any statistic in a source?: What is the sample size and how was it chosen? Is it representative of the claim? Is a baseline given ("doubled" from 2 to 4 means little)? Is the comparison fair?