Flashcards · 5014 · Topic 7

Human population flashcards

12 cards on Topic 7, subtopics 7.1 to 7.3. Pick a subtopic or study them all.

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A country has 12 million people and an area of 300,000 km². What is its population density?: 12,000,000 ÷ 300,000 = 40 people per km².
Population density vs population distribution: Density: the average number of people per unit area. Distribution: where people live, the pattern of their spread across an area.
What does a population pyramid with a narrow base and wide top show?: An ageing population with a low birth rate and long life expectancy.
Which age groups count as dependants in the dependency ratio?: People under 15 and over 64, compared with the working-age population aged 15 to 64.

Define birth rate and death rate: Birth rate: live births per 1,000 people per year. Death rate: deaths per 1,000 people per year.
How do you calculate net migration?: Immigration − emigration.
Why do death rates fall before birth rates in the demographic transition?: Healthcare, food, clean water and sanitation improve quickly, while attitudes to family size change more slowly.
Birth rate 30, death rate 10 per 1,000. What is natural increase as a percentage, and the doubling time?: Natural increase = 20 per 1,000 = 2.0%. Doubling time ≈ 70 ÷ 2 = 35 years.

Give three anti-natalist measures: Family planning clinics and free contraception, education for girls and raising the status of women, and financial incentives for small families.
Give three pro-natalist measures: Child benefit payments, tax breaks for families, and paid parental leave and childcare.
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of a strict one-child policy: Advantage: slows population growth. Disadvantage: can cause a gender imbalance and an ageing population, and raises ethical concerns.
Why might a government encourage skilled migration?: To add working-age people who pay taxes and fill jobs, easing the pressure of an ageing population.