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Flashcards · IB Diploma Programme Psychology · Topic 8
Option: Psychology of human relationships flashcards
9 cards on Topic 8. Pick a subtopic or study them all.
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Topic 8: Option: Psychology of human relationships
- What does Buss’s cross-cultural survey of mate preferences suggest?
- Broad similarities across dozens of societies, such as valuing kindness and intelligence, with sex differences in some preferences, used to support evolutionary explanations. It measures stated, not actual, choices.
- Which conflict patterns did Gottman link to relationship breakdown?
- Criticism, contempt, defensiveness and stonewalling. The research used observation, not only self-report, but is largely correlational.
- What does Rusbult’s investment model add to social exchange theory?
- Commitment depends on satisfaction, the quality of alternatives and the investment already made, which explains why some people stay in unhappy relationships.
- What did Sherif’s Robbers Cave study show?
- Boys at a summer camp became hostile when two groups competed for limited rewards, supporting realistic conflict theory. Hostility fell when they worked towards superordinate goals neither group could reach alone.
- Prejudice vs stereotype vs discrimination
- Prejudice: an attitude towards a group. Stereotype: a generalised belief about a group. Discrimination: behaviour that treats people unfairly because of group membership.
- What conditions does Allport’s contact hypothesis require?
- Equal status, common goals, cooperation and support from authorities or institutions, for contact between groups to reduce prejudice.
- What did Darley and Latané (1968) find about bystanders?
- Participants who believed another person was having a seizure over an intercom were slower to help the more people they thought were present: diffusion of responsibility.
- How did Piliavin’s subway study complicate the bystander effect?
- In a real field setting, helping was often quick, and the victim’s appearance influenced it, showing that a laboratory finding can look different in the field.
- How is Paper 2 structured?
- One essay on each option studied: SL students study one option and HL students two, with equal time and marks for each. It is worth 25% at SL and 20% at HL.