Flashcards · IB Diploma Programme World History · Topic 1

Prescribed subjects flashcards

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What are the two case studies of the prescribed subject Military leaders?: Genghis Khan (c.1200-1227) and Richard I of England (1173-1199).
What themes does the Military leaders prescribed subject examine?: How leaders rose to command, their methods and tactics, the nature of their leadership, and the impact of their campaigns. Weigh the leader’s personal qualities against organisation, logistics and opponents’ weakness.
When was Temüjin proclaimed Genghis Khan?: In 1206, at a kurultai (assembly of Mongol leaders) that recognised him as ruler of the united Mongol tribes.
What was Richard I’s main campaign, and how did it end?: The Third Crusade (1189-92). He won at Arsuf (1191) but did not retake Jerusalem; the Treaty of Jaffa (1192) with Saladin left Jerusalem in Muslim hands but allowed Christian pilgrims access.
Paper 1 Question 1: what does it ask, and what should you avoid?: The message of a source (two parts, 3 and 2 marks). Give the main points in your own words from the source itself. Do not bring in outside knowledge or evaluate.

What are the two case studies of Conquest and its impact?: The final stages of Muslim rule in Spain (1482-1492) and the conquest of Mexico and Peru (1519-1551).
How did Muslim rule in Spain end in 1492?: Ferdinand and Isabella’s campaigns against the Nasrid kingdom of Granada ended when Muhammad XII (Boabdil) surrendered the city in January 1492.
When did the Spanish conquer the Aztec and Inca empires?: Cortés took the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan in 1521. Pizarro captured the Inca ruler Atahualpa at Cajamarca in 1532 and had him executed in 1533.
Why were small Spanish forces able to conquer large American empires?: Indigenous allies such as the Tlaxcalans, epidemic disease (especially smallpox), steel weapons and horses, and divisions within the empires, such as the Inca civil war.
Paper 1 Question 2: what does it ask?: Analyse the value and limitations of one source for a historian studying a stated topic, with reference to its origin, purpose and content (4 marks). Link every point to the topic.

What are the two case studies of The move to global war?: Japanese expansion in East Asia (1931-1941) and German and Italian expansion (1933-1940).
What were the key steps of Japanese expansion, 1931-41?: The Mukden Incident and invasion of Manchuria (1931), leaving the League (1933), war with China after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident (1937), the Tripartite Pact (1940) and the attack on Pearl Harbor (December 1941).
What were the key steps of German and Italian expansion, 1933-40?: Italy invaded Abyssinia (1935); Germany remilitarised the Rhineland (1936), took Austria (1938), the Sudetenland (1938) and the rest of Czechoslovakia (1939), invaded Poland (1939), and Italy entered the war (1940).
What did the international community’s response to aggression show in this subject?: The League of Nations failed to stop Japan in Manchuria or Italy in Abyssinia, and Britain and France pursued appeasement until 1939. Weigh collective security and appeasement against the aims of the aggressors.
Paper 1 Question 3: what does it ask?: Compare and contrast what two sources reveal about an issue (6 marks). Make point-by-point links, with references to both sources throughout, not one source after the other.

What are the two case studies of Rights and protest?: Civil rights movement in the United States (1954-1965) and apartheid South Africa (1948-1964).
Name key events of the US civil rights movement, 1954-65: Brown v Board of Education (1954), the Montgomery bus boycott (1955-56), Little Rock (1957), the March on Washington (1963), the Civil Rights Act (1964) and the Voting Rights Act (1965).
Name key events of protest against apartheid, 1948-64: The Defiance Campaign (1952), the Freedom Charter (1955), the Sharpeville massacre (1960), the banning of the ANC and PAC (1960), the turn to armed struggle (1961) and the Rivonia trial (1964).
What themes does the Rights and protest subject examine?: The origins and aims of movements, their methods, the role of leaders and organisations, the response of governments, and how far they succeeded. Compare peaceful and confrontational methods.
Paper 1 Question 4: what does it ask?: Using the sources and your own knowledge, answer a question in a short argued response (9 marks). Integrate the sources (normally four, A to D) with accurate own knowledge and reach a conclusion.

What are the two case studies of Conflict and intervention?: Rwanda (1990-1998) and Kosovo (1989-2002).
What triggered the Rwandan genocide in April 1994?: The shooting down of President Habyarimana’s plane on 6 April 1994. Hutu extremists then killed Tutsi and moderate Hutu over about 100 days, until the Rwandan Patriotic Front took control in July 1994.
Why is the UN’s role in Rwanda criticised?: The UN peacekeeping mission (UNAMIR) had a weak mandate, and most of its troops were withdrawn after the killing began, despite warnings from its commander, Roméo Dallaire.
How did the Kosovo conflict lead to NATO intervention?: Milošević removed Kosovo’s autonomy in 1989; the Kosovo Liberation Army fought Serbian forces in the late 1990s; after the Račak killings (January 1999), NATO bombed Yugoslavia from March to June 1999 without UN Security Council authorisation.
What themes does the Conflict and intervention subject examine?: Causes of the conflict, the nature and motives of outside intervention, its effect on the people involved, and how far intervention ended or prolonged the conflict.