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Flashcards · IB Middle Years Programme Individuals and Societies (MYP) · Topic 3
Related concepts (examples) flashcards
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Topic 3: Related concepts (examples)
- What is a related concept in I&S?
- A narrower concept rooted in one discipline, used to explore a key concept in more depth. The guide lists related concepts for economics, geography, history and integrated humanities; teachers may choose others.
- Give example related concepts for economics, geography and history
- Economics: scarcity, trade, growth. Geography: causality, networks, scale. History: conflict, significance, interdependence.
- Key concept or related concept: causality, scarcity, change?
- Change is a key concept. Causality and scarcity are related concepts. Calling a related concept a key concept is a common error.
- Nominal versus real values
- Nominal values use current prices. Real values remove the effect of inflation, so they can be compared fairly over time.
- Percent versus percentage points
- A rate rising from 4% to 5% rises by 1 percentage point, which is a 25% increase. Say which one you mean.
- Supranational versus intergovernmental organisations
- Supranational: can make law that binds members (the EU). Intergovernmental: relies mainly on agreement between states (the UN General Assembly, ASEAN).
- Hard power versus soft power
- Hard power coerces, for example through sanctions or force. Soft power attracts, for example a country's films being watched worldwide.
- Comparative versus absolute advantage
- Absolute advantage: a country makes more of a good than another with the same resources. Comparative advantage: it makes a good at a lower opportunity cost — the basis for gains from trade.