Work through the list without notes. If you cannot do a statement, follow its link, then come back. Guide = study guide; Practice = practice questions.
Understanding
- I can explain why a pressure difference between two places makes a fluid flow. (Guide: “Why fluids flow”)
- I can explain why an incompressible fluid must leave a full pipe at the same rate it enters. (Guide: “The continuity equation”; Figure 1)
- I can explain Bernoulli’s equation as conservation of energy, and say why each term is an energy per unit volume. (Guide: “Conservation of energy: Bernoulli’s equation”)
- I can state the assumptions behind continuity, Bernoulli and Torricelli: ideal fluid, full pipes, steady flow, wide tank. (Guide; Revision notes)
Skills
- I can derive V/t = Av and use it to find flow rates and filling times. (Guide: Worked example 1; Practice Q4)
- I can use A₁v₁ = A₂v₂, squaring a diameter ratio where needed. (Guide: Worked example 1; Practice Q1, Q4)
- I can use Bernoulli’s equation to find a pressure, including a change in height. (Guide: Worked example 2; Practice Q5, Q7)
- I can derive v = √(2gh) and combine it with projectile motion to find where a jet lands. (Guide: Worked example 3; Practice Q6)
- I can draw Bernoulli bar charts with equal totals at every point. (Guide: Figure 2; Practice Q7)
- I can plan an experiment to test Torricelli’s result and choose what to plot for a straight line. (Guide: “Designing an experiment”; Practice Q6)
Reasoning
- I can rank the pressures in a level pipe of changing width, and justify the ranking with Newton’s second law and with energy. (Practice Q2, Q7)
- I can predict how an exit speed changes when the water level changes. (Practice Q3)
- I can compare a measured slope with a prediction and give a physical reason for the difference. (Practice Q6)
- I can check Bernoulli’s equation against the depth rule P = P₀ + ρgh for a fluid at rest. (Guide: “Two checks that it makes sense”)
All ticked? This is the last topic of the course. Go back to Topic 8.3 if buoyancy needs work, or return to the course roadmap to plan your full-course review.