Author
Nouman Ahmed
Chemistry Teacher
Sir Nouman Ahmed teaches Chemistry at Learners Academy, with 9 years of teaching experience. Previously taught at Aitchison College, BISC, LGS, Nordic, Froebel's, The City School, Kaizen and ESE. Where reactions finally start making sense.
Resources
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Optical Isomerism and Chirality — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on chiral centres, enantiomers, racemic mixtures and the relevance of chirality to drug synthesis for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Colour, Stereoisomerism and Stability Constants — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on d-orbital splitting and colour, cis/trans and optical isomerism in complexes, and stability constant (Kstab) calculations for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Chemistry: Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on manufacturing ethanol, ethanoic acid reactions and esterification for IGCSE Chemistry.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Atomic Structure, Radius and Isotopes — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on subatomic particles, deflection in an electric field, atomic/ionic radius trends and isotopes for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
Atomic Structure: Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on elements/compounds/mixtures, subatomic particles, electronic configuration and isotopes.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Mathematics: Coordinate Geometry — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on coordinates, gradient, straight-line equations, length, midpoint, and parallel/perpendicular lines for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580.
Cambridge · IGCSE
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Mathematics: Geometry — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on geometrical terms, constructions, scale drawings, similarity, symmetry, angles and circle theorems for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580.
Cambridge · IGCSE
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Mathematics: Mensuration — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on units of measure, area, perimeter, circles, arcs, sectors, surface area, volume and compound shapes for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580.
Cambridge · IGCSE
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Mathematics: Probability — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on basic probability, relative and expected frequency, combined events and conditional probability for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580.
Cambridge · IGCSE
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Mathematics: Statistics — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on classifying and interpreting data, averages, range, charts, scatter diagrams, cumulative frequency and histograms for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580.
Cambridge · IGCSE
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Mathematics: Transformations and Vectors — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on reflection, rotation, enlargement, translation, vector notation, magnitude and vector geometry for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580.
Cambridge · IGCSE
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Mathematics: Trigonometry — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on Pythagoras' theorem, right-angled and non-right-angled triangle trigonometry, exact values, trig functions and 3D problems for Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 0580.
Cambridge · IGCSE
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Chemistry: Petroleum, Alkanes and Alkenes — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on fractional distillation, alkane substitution, cracking and alkene addition reactions for IGCSE Chemistry.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Chemistry: Physical and Chemical Changes — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on identifying and justifying physical vs chemical changes for IGCSE Chemistry.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Chemistry: Practical Techniques — Titrations, Chromatography and Separation — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on apparatus choice, titration technique, chromatography (including Rf) and separation/purification methods for IGCSE Chemistry.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Arenes and Halogenoarenes — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on benzene's electrophilic substitution reactions, directing effects, and halogenoarene versus halogenoalkane reactivity for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Acids, Bases, Buffers and Partition Coefficients — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on pH, Ka, buffer solutions, Ksp and partition coefficients for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Group 2 — Thermal Stability and Solubility Trends Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on the thermal stability and solubility trends of Group 2 compounds for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Phenol — Reactions and Acidity Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on phenol's production, reactions and acidity, and the alcohol/acyl chloride reaction, for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Rate Equations and Catalysis — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on rate equations, orders of reaction, half-life, reaction mechanisms and catalysis for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Physical and Chemical Changes
How to identify and distinguish physical changes from chemical changes, with the evidence examiners actually accept, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Practical Techniques: Experimental Design, Titrations, Chromatography and Separation
Apparatus, titration technique, chromatography (including Rf) and separation/purification methods for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070 — the practical-skills half of Topic 12.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Amides and Amino Acids — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on amides, zwitterions, isoelectric point and dipeptide/tripeptide formation and hydrolysis for A Level Chemistry.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Revision Notes
A Level Chemistry: Amides and Amino Acids — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on amides, amino acids, zwitterions, isoelectric point, and dipeptide/tripeptide formation and hydrolysis for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Amines — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on amine basicity, preparation and diazotisation for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Revision Notes
A Level Chemistry: Amines — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on amine basicity, preparation, reactions and the comparison of aliphatic and aromatic amines for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Carboxylic Acids and Acyl Chlorides — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on acid strength, acyl chloride reactions and esterification for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Revision Notes
A Level Chemistry: Carboxylic Acids and Acyl Chlorides — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on carboxylic acid reactions, acidity, acyl chlorides and their derivatives for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Chromatography — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on TLC, gas chromatography, Rf values and percentage composition for A Level Chemistry.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Revision Notes
A Level Chemistry: Chromatography — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on TLC, gas-liquid chromatography, Rf values and retention time for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701, plus GC-MS as enrichment beyond the specification.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Condensation Polymerisation — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on polyesters, polyamides, hydrolysis and biodegradability for A Level Chemistry.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Revision Notes
A Level Chemistry: Condensation Polymerisation — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on polyesters, polyamides, hydrolysis and biodegradability for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Electrochemistry — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on electrode potentials, cell e.m.f. and electrolysis for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Revision Notes
A Level Chemistry: Electrochemistry — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on standard electrode potentials, cell e.m.f., feasibility and electrolysis for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Lattice Energy, Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on Born-Haber cycles, entropy and Gibbs free energy for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Revision Notes
A Level Chemistry: Lattice Energy, Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on Born-Haber cycles, entropy change and the Gibbs equation for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: NMR Spectroscopy — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on carbon-13 and proton NMR, splitting and integration for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Revision Notes
A Level Chemistry: NMR Spectroscopy — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on carbon-13 and proton NMR, chemical shift, splitting and integration for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Organic Mechanisms and Arenes — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on reaction mechanisms, curly arrows and benzene for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Revision Notes
A Level Chemistry: Organic Mechanisms and Arenes — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on the four reaction mechanisms, curly-arrow rules and benzene delocalisation for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Multi-Step Synthesis Routes — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on organic synthesis routes, reagents and conditions for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Revision Notes
A Level Chemistry: Multi-Step Synthesis Routes — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on functional group interconversions, reagents and conditions, and planning multi-step routes for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
A Level Chemistry: Transition Elements — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on transition elements, complex ions and colour for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Revision Notes
A Level Chemistry: Transition Elements — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on variable oxidation states, complex ions, colour and catalysis for Cambridge A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Chemistry: Acids, Bases and Salts — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on acids, bases, salt preparation and titrations for IGCSE Chemistry.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Revision Notes
Acids, Bases and Salts: Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on acid and base properties, oxides, indicators and salt preparation for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Practice Questions
Metals, Alloys and Extraction: Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on the reactivity series, extraction methods, alloys and rusting.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Revision Notes
Alloys and Extraction of Metals: Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on alloys, the blast furnace, aluminium extraction and metal uses for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Acids and Bases — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on Bronsted-Lowry theory, strong and weak acids, pH and buffers for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Acids and Bases — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on Brønsted-Lowry theory, conjugate pairs, titration curves and indicator choice for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Alcohols — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on alcohol classification, oxidation, dehydration and the iodoform test for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Alcohols — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on alcohol classification, oxidation products, distinguishing tests and elimination for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Aldehydes and Ketones — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on nucleophilic addition, distinguishing tests and hydroxynitriles for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Aldehydes and Ketones — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on carbonyl reactions, nucleophilic addition, and the tests that identify aldehydes and ketones for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Group 17 — The Halogens — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on halogen reactivity, displacement, disproportionation and halide tests for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Group 17 — The Halogens — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on halogen trends, halide reducing power, the silver nitrate test and disproportionation for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Group 2 — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on Group 2 reactivity, solubility trends and thermal stability for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Group 2 — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on Group 2 reactions, thermal stability and solubility trends for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Halogenoalkanes — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on nucleophilic substitution, elimination and hydrolysis rates for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Halogenoalkanes — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on nucleophilic substitution SN1 and SN2, elimination and reactivity trends for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Alkanes and Alkenes — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on free radical substitution, electrophilic addition and Markovnikov for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Alkanes and Alkenes — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on free-radical substitution and electrophilic addition mechanisms for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Atomic Structure and Ionisation Energy — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on ionisation energy trends, sub-shells and mass spectrometry for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Atomic Structure and Ionisation Energy — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on orbitals, electron configuration and ionisation energy trends for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Reaction Kinetics — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on collision theory, activation energy, catalysts and Boltzmann distributions for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Reaction Kinetics — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on collision theory, activation energy, the Boltzmann distribution and catalysis for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Nitrogen and Sulfur — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on ammonia, nitrogen oxides, acid rain and the Contact process for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Nitrogen and Sulfur — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on nitrogen’s inertness, ammonia, oxides of nitrogen, acid rain and the Contact process for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Periodicity Across Period 3 — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on period 3 trends, oxides and chlorides for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Periodicity Across Period 3 — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on Period 3 trends and the reactions of the oxides and chlorides with water for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Redox Processes — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on oxidation numbers, half-equations and redox titrations for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Redox Processes — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on oxidation numbers, balancing redox equations and disproportionation for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Ideal Gases and Structure — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on the ideal gas equation, kinetic theory and giant structures for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Ideal Gases and Structure — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on the ideal gas equation, real gas deviations and the four lattice structures for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on the mole, empirical formulae, gas volumes and limiting reagents for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on mole calculations, limiting reagents, percentage yield and gas volumes for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Organic Synthesis Routes — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on functional group interconversions and multi-step routes for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Organic Synthesis Routes — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on the AS reaction map, functional group interconversions and planning multi-step synthesis for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Addition Polymerisation — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on addition polymers, repeat units, properties and disposal for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Addition Polymerisation — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on addition polymers, repeat units, properties and disposal for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonding — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on bonding, structure and properties for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonding — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on the three bond types, electronegativity, polarisation and structure-property links for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Carboxylic Acids and Esters — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on carboxylic acid reactions, esterification and hydrolysis.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Carboxylic Acids and Esters — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on carboxylic acid preparation and reactions, esterification, hydrolysis and uses of esters for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on dynamic equilibrium, Kc, Kp and Le Chateliers principle for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on dynamic equilibrium, Kc and Kp, and Le Chateliers principle for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Hess Law and Enthalpy Cycles — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on Hess cycles, bond enthalpy and calorimetry for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Hess Law and Enthalpy Cycles — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on enthalpy definitions, Hess cycles, bond enthalpy and calorimetry for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Infrared and Mass Spectrometry — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on IR absorptions, molecular ions, fragmentation and isotope patterns for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Infrared and Mass Spectrometry — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on IR absorption, functional group identification, molecular ion, fragmentation and isotope patterns for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Nitrogen Compounds — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on amines, basicity, preparation and nitriles for AS Chemistry.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Nitrogen Compounds — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on amines, nitriles, basicity and preparation routes for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Introduction to Organic Chemistry — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on nomenclature, formulae, isomerism and reaction mechanisms terminology.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Introduction to Organic Chemistry — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on nomenclature, formulae, isomerism, bond fission and mechanism types for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
AS Chemistry: Shapes of Molecules and Intermolecular Forces — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on VSEPR shapes, polarity and intermolecular forces for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Revision Notes
AS Chemistry: Shapes of Molecules and Intermolecular Forces — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on VSEPR shapes, bond angles, polarity and the three intermolecular forces for Cambridge AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Chemistry: Chemistry of the Environment — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on air pollution, greenhouse gases, water treatment and fertilisers for IGCSE Chemistry.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Revision Notes
Chemistry of the Environment: Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on water treatment, fertilisers, air pollutants and the greenhouse effect for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Practice Questions
Electrolysis and Fuel Cells: Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on electrolysis, half equations, electroplating and fuel cells.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Revision Notes
Electrolysis and Fuel Cells: Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on electrolysis of molten and aqueous compounds, predicting products, electroplating and fuel cells for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Practice Questions
Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions: Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on energy profiles, bond energies, enthalpy calculations and calorimetry.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Revision Notes
Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions: Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on energy changes, reaction pathway diagrams, activation energy and bond energy calculations for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Chemistry: Formulae, Equations and the Mole — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on formulae, balancing, moles, yield and concentration for IGCSE Chemistry.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Revision Notes
Formulae, Equations and the Mole: Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on formulae, balancing, relative masses and mole calculations for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070 — every equation in one place.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Practice Questions
GCSE Chemistry: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers spanning C1.2 Atomic structure (Papers 1 and 3) and C4.1 group trends and the periodic table (Papers 2 and 4) for GCSE Chemistry.
OCR · GCSE
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Revision Notes
GCSE Chemistry: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes covering both C1.2 Atomic structure (assessed on Papers 1 and 3) and C4.1 Predicting chemical reactions -- periodic table development and Group 1/7/0 properties (assessed on Papers 2 and 4) -- for GCSE Chemistry.
OCR · GCSE
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Chemistry: Identification of Ions and Gases — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on cation tests, anion tests, gas tests and flame tests for IGCSE Chemistry.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Revision Notes
Identification of Ions and Gases: Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on every qualitative analysis test — cations, anions, gases and flame colours — for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
-
Practice Questions
Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonding: Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on bonding types, structures and properties.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
-
Revision Notes
Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonding: Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on ionic, covalent, giant covalent and metallic bonding for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070 — structure-to-property tables and exam traps.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
-
Practice Questions
Metal Properties and Reactivity: Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on the reactivity series, extraction, displacement, rusting and alloys.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Revision Notes
Metal Properties and Reactivity: Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on metal properties, the reactivity series, displacement and rusting for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
-
Practice Questions
OCR A Level Chemistry: Amount of Substance — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on moles, the ideal gas equation, titrations and percentage yield for OCR A Level Chemistry.
OCR · A LEVELS
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Revision Notes
OCR A Level Chemistry: Amount of Substance — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on the mole, empirical formulae, titrations, gas volumes, yield and atom economy for OCR A Level Chemistry H432.
OCR · A LEVELS
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Practice Questions
IGCSE Chemistry: Organic Chemistry — Formulae and Naming — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on homologous series, isomerism, alkanes, alkenes and alcohols for IGCSE Chemistry.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Revision Notes
Organic Chemistry: Formulae and Naming — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on homologous series, functional groups, isomerism and naming organic compounds for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Practice Questions
OxfordAQA A Level Chemistry: Equilibria and Le Chatelier — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on Le Chatelier, Kp, Kc and industrial compromise conditions.
OxfordAQA · A LEVELS
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Revision Notes
OxfordAQA A Level Chemistry: Equilibria and Le Chatelier Principle — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on dynamic equilibrium, Kc, Le Chatelier principle and industrial compromise for International A Level Chemistry (with the International A2 Kp extension, assessed in Unit 4, flagged separately).
OxfordAQA · A LEVELS
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Practice Questions
OxfordAQA IGCSE Chemistry: Quantitative Chemistry — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on moles, formula mass, reacting masses and concentration.
OxfordAQA · IGCSE
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Revision Notes
OxfordAQA IGCSE Chemistry: Quantitative Chemistry — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on relative masses, the mole, formulae, reacting masses, concentration and titrations for International GCSE Chemistry.
OxfordAQA · IGCSE
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Practice Questions
The Periodic Table: Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on group trends, electron configuration and transition metals.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Revision Notes
The Periodic Table: Groups and Trends — Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on Periodic Table arrangement, Group I, Group VII, transition elements and noble gases for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Practice Questions
Polymers: Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on addition polymers, repeat units, disposal and condensation polymers.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Revision Notes
Polymers: Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on addition and condensation polymerisation, nylon, PET, natural polymers and plastic pollution for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
-
Practice Questions
IGCSE Chemistry: Rates of Reaction and Reversible Reactions — Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on rate factors, collision theory, catalysts and equilibrium for IGCSE Chemistry.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Revision Notes
Rates of Reaction and Reversible Reactions: Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on collision theory, factors affecting rate, equilibrium and Le Chatelier for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
-
Practice Questions
Redox Reactions: Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on oxidation numbers, half equations, oxidising agents and displacement.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
-
Revision Notes
Redox Reactions: Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on oxidation and reduction by oxygen, electrons and oxidation number for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070, with the standard tests.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Practice Questions
States of Matter and Kinetic Particle Theory: Practice Questions
Original exam-style practice questions with full worked answers on the three states, changes of state, diffusion and heating curves.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Revision Notes
States of Matter and Kinetic Particle Theory: Revision Notes
Condensed recall notes on particle arrangement, changes of state and diffusion for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070 — definitions, tables and exam traps.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Acids, Bases and Salts
Properties of acids and bases, strong vs weak acids, acidic/basic/amphoteric oxides, and preparing soluble and insoluble salts, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
Manufacturing ethanol by fermentation and by hydration of ethene, and the reactions of carboxylic acids including ester formation, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Alloys and Extraction of Metals
Uses of metals, alloys and why they're harder than pure metals, and extracting iron and aluminium, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Chemistry of the Environment
Testing and treating water, NPK fertilisers, and the sources and effects of air pollutants including the greenhouse effect, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Electrolysis and Fuel Cells
Electrolysis of molten and aqueous compounds, predicting electrode products, electroplating, and hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
Exothermic and endothermic reactions, reaction pathway diagrams, activation energy, and calculating enthalpy change from bond energies, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
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Study Guides
Metal Properties and Reactivity
Physical and chemical properties of metals, the reactivity series, and corrosion and its prevention, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Amount of Substance: The Mole, Empirical Formulae and Gas Calculations
The mole and Avogadro constant, empirical and molecular formulae, hydrated salts, mole calculations from mass, gas volume and concentration, the ideal gas equation, and percentage yield and atom economy, for OCR A Level Chemistry A H432, Module 2.1.3.
OCR · A LEVELS
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Study Guides
Atomic Structure: Sub-Atomic Particles and the Development of the Atomic Model
Sub-atomic particles, the changing atomic model, atomic scale, and calculating protons, neutrons and electrons from atomic number, mass number and ion charge, for OCR GCSE (9-1) Chemistry A (Gateway Science) J248.
OCR · GCSE
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Study Guides
Organic Chemistry: Formulae and Naming
Displayed and general formulae, homologous series, functional groups, structural isomers, and naming organic compounds, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
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Study Guides
Chemical Equilibria: Le Chatelier's Principle and the Equilibrium Constant Kc
Dynamic equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle, and writing and using the equilibrium constant Kc, for OxfordAQA International AS and A-level Chemistry 9620, assessed in Unit 2.
OxfordAQA · A LEVELS
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Study Guides
Quantitative Chemistry: Conservation of Mass, the Mole and Molar Calculations
Conservation of mass in balanced equations, the mole concept, reacting-mass calculations, molar concentrations of solutions, and amount of substance in relation to gas volumes, for OxfordAQA International GCSE Chemistry 9202.
OxfordAQA · IGCSE
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Study Guides
Petroleum, Alkanes and Alkenes
Fractional distillation of petroleum, alkane substitution reactions, and alkene addition reactions and cracking, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Polymers
Addition and condensation polymerisation, nylon and PET, proteins as natural polyamides, and the environmental impact of plastics, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Acids, Bases, Buffers and Partition Coefficients
Calculating pH, Ka, pKa and Ksp, how buffer solutions work, and partition coefficients, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Amides and Amino Acids
Producing and hydrolysing amides, why amides are weaker bases than amines, and amino acid acid-base properties, zwitterions and electrophoresis, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Amines: Aliphatic and Aromatic, Basicity and Azo Dyes
Producing primary and secondary amines, comparing the basicity of ammonia, ethylamine and phenylamine, phenylamine's preparation, and azo dye coupling, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Arenes and Halogenoarenes: Electrophilic Substitution and Reactivity
The reactions and electrophilic substitution mechanism of benzene, directing effects of substituents, and the reactivity of halogenoarenes versus halogenoalkanes, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Carboxylic Acids and Acyl Chlorides
Producing benzoic acid, relative acidity of carboxylic acids and phenols, and the reactions and addition-elimination mechanism of acyl chlorides, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Chemical Energetics: Lattice Energy, Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy
Born-Haber cycles, enthalpies of solution and hydration, entropy change and Gibbs free energy, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Chromatography: Thin-Layer and Gas/Liquid Chromatography
Stationary and mobile phases, Rf values, retention times, and interpreting TLC and gas/liquid chromatograms, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Condensation Polymerisation and Polymer Degradability
Forming polyesters and polyamides, deducing repeat units and monomers, predicting polymerisation type, and why some polymers biodegrade and others don't, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Electrochemistry: Electrolysis and Standard Electrode Potentials
Quantitative electrolysis, standard electrode and cell potentials, predicting feasibility, and the Nernst equation, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Group 2: Thermal Stability and Solubility Trends
Explaining the thermal stability of Group 2 nitrates and carbonates, and the solubility trends of their hydroxides and sulfates, using lattice energy and hydration enthalpy, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
NMR Spectroscopy: Carbon-13 and Proton NMR
Interpreting carbon-13 and proton NMR spectra to deduce molecular structure, chemical shifts, peak areas, splitting patterns and the n+1 rule, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Optical Isomerism and Chirality
Enantiomers, chirality, racemic mixtures, plane-polarised light, and why chirality matters for drug synthesis, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
A Level Organic Chemistry: Naming, Mechanisms and Aromatic Shape
New A Level functional groups and naming, electrophilic substitution and addition-elimination terminology, and the shape of benzene, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
A Level Organic Synthesis: Multi-Step Routes with Aromatic Chemistry
Devising and analysing multi-step organic synthesis routes that combine aliphatic, aromatic and nitrogen chemistry, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Phenol: Reactions and Acidity
How phenol is produced, its reactions with bases and electrophiles, and why phenol, water and ethanol differ in acidity, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Reaction Kinetics: Rate Equations and Catalysis
Rate equations, orders of reaction, rate constants, reaction mechanisms, and homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Transition Elements: Colour, Stereoisomerism and Stability Constants
Why transition-metal complexes are coloured, cis/trans and optical isomerism in complexes, and stability constants, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Transition Elements: Properties, Complexes and Redox Chemistry
Why transition elements have variable oxidation states, act as catalysts and form complex ions, ligands, coordination number, and transition-metal redox titrations, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · A LEVEL
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Study Guides
Acids and Bases: The Brønsted-Lowry Theory
The Brønsted-Lowry theory, strong vs weak acids and bases, neutralisation, and reading titration curves and indicator choice, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Addition Polymerisation
Deducing polymer repeat units and monomers, and the disposal problems addition polymers cause, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Alcohols: Reactions and Oxidation
Production, oxidation and distinguishing tests for primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Analytical Techniques: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
Reading an infrared spectrum for functional groups, and interpreting a mass spectrum for relative atomic mass, molecular mass, fragmentation and halogen content, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Atomic Structure: Orbitals and Ionisation Energy
Electronic configuration by orbital, and how ionisation energy trends and data are explained and interpreted, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Atomic Structure: Particles, Radius and Isotopes
Subatomic particles, deflection in an electric field, atomic and ionic radius trends, and isotopes, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry at AS
Ionic formulae from Roman-numeral oxidation numbers, ionic equations, and stoichiometric calculations including limiting reagent and percentage yield, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Carbonyl Compounds: Aldehydes and Ketones
Producing and reducing aldehydes and ketones, the nucleophilic addition mechanism with HCN, and the tests that identify and distinguish them, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Carboxylic Acids and Esters
Producing and reacting carboxylic acids, esterification, and the difference between acid and alkaline ester hydrolysis, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Chemical Bonding: Electronegativity, Ionic and Metallic Bonds
Electronegativity trends, the electrostatic models of ionic and metallic bonding, and using electronegativity to predict bond type, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Chemical Bonding: Shapes and Intermolecular Forces
Orbital overlap, VSEPR shapes and bond angles, hydrogen bonding and van der Waals' forces, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Chemical Energetics: Hess's Law and Enthalpy Cycles
Standard enthalpy changes, bond-energy calculations, and using Hess's law to construct enthalpy cycles, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Chemical Equilibria: Kc, Kp and Le Chatelier's Principle
Dynamic equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle, and the Kc and Kp equilibrium-constant expressions, including the Haber and Contact processes, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Group 17: The Halogens
Physical and chemical trends down Group 17, halide-ion reducing power, the silver nitrate and concentrated sulfuric acid tests, and chlorine's disproportionation reactions, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals
Reactions of the Group 2 metals and their oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and nitrates, and the solubility and thermal-stability trends down the group, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Halogenoalkanes: Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination
SN1 and SN2 nucleophilic substitution, elimination, and the reactivity trend across halogenoalkanes, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Hydrocarbons: Alkanes and Alkenes
Free-radical substitution in alkanes and electrophilic addition in alkenes, with full mechanisms, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Nitrogen and Sulfur: Reactivity and Atmospheric Chemistry
Why nitrogen is so unreactive, the basicity of ammonia, and the role of nitrogen oxides in photochemical smog and acid rain, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Nitrogen Compounds: Amines and Nitriles
Producing primary amines, nitriles and hydroxynitriles, and how they connect to the halogenoalkane and carbonyl chemistry already covered, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Organic Synthesis: Planning Multi-Step Routes
Identifying functional groups, planning multi-step synthetic routes, and analysing given routes, using every AS organic reaction together, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
The Periodic Table: Periodicity Across Period 3
Physical and chemical periodicity across Period 3 (Na to Ar), including oxide and chloride reactions with water, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Reaction Kinetics: Collision Theory and Catalysis
Collision theory, activation energy, the Boltzmann distribution, and how catalysts work, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Redox Processes: Oxidation Numbers and Electron Transfer
Calculating and using oxidation numbers, balancing equations by oxidation-number change, and disproportionation, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
States of Matter: Ideal Gases and Structure
The ideal gas equation pV = nRT, and the four types of giant/molecular lattice structure and how they determine physical properties, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
Formulae, Equations and the Mole
Formulae, balanced equations, relative masses and mole calculations for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070 — where the two qualifications differ most.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Identification of Ions and Gases
The reagents, observations and conclusions for identifying anions, cations, gases and flame colours, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonding
Ionic, covalent, giant covalent and metallic bonding for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070, with structure explaining properties throughout.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Organic Mechanisms: An Introduction
The naming conventions, mechanism vocabulary and isomerism you need before studying any specific organic reaction, for Cambridge International AS & A Level Chemistry 9701.
Cambridge · AS LEVEL
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Study Guides
The Periodic Table: Groups and Trends
How the Periodic Table is arranged, and the trends in Group I, Group VII, the transition elements and the noble gases, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Rates of Reaction and Reversible Reactions
Collision theory, the factors that change reaction rate, reversible reactions, equilibrium, and the Haber and Contact processes, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
Redox Reactions
Oxidation and reduction by oxygen transfer, electron transfer and oxidation number, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Study Guides
States of Matter and Kinetic Particle Theory
Particle arrangement, changes of state and diffusion for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070, with IGCSE Core and Extended outcomes clearly labelled.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS
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Revision Notes
Atomic Structure
Protons, neutrons and electrons, atomic and mass number, electronic configuration by shell, and isotopes, for Cambridge IGCSE 0620 and O Level 5070.
Cambridge · IGCSE, O LEVELS